0 Members and 2 Guests are viewing this topic.
Μετρήστε το οξειδωτικό στρες Του Δρ. Μιχάλη Παπαχαραλάμπους, ειδικού παθολόγουΟ όρος οξειδωτικό stress αναφέρεται στη διαταραχή της ισορροπίας μεταξύ ελευθέρων ριζών, κυρίως του οξυγόνου, και αντιοξειδωτικών, ως αμυντικών μηχανισμών έναντι της βλαπτικής δράσης των ελευθέρων ριζών. Οι ελεύθερες ρίζες είναι δραστικά μόρια με πολλαπλούς μηχανισμούς δράσης πάνω σε βασικά βιομόρια, όπως τα λιπίδια της κυτταρικής μεμβράνης, οι πρωτεΐνες και το DNA. Βομβαρδίζουν καθημερινά τον οργανισμό μας με στόχο την φθορά των κυττάρων και του γενετικού υλικού τους. Παράγονται από εξωγενείς και ενδογενείς πηγές με κυριότερη απ' αυτές τα κύτταρα που ενέχονται σε φλεγμονώδεις διαδικασίες. Στα κύτταρα έχουμε αντιδράσεις του οξυγόνου με μια σειρά από χημικές ενώσεις. Το οξυγόνο έχει την ιδιότητα να ‘κλέβει’ ένα ηλεκτρόνιο για να ολοκληρώσει το χημικό του τύπο με αποτέλεσμα να αφήνει τις χημικές ενώσεις αποδυναμωμένες.Mε αυτόν τον τρόπο δημιουργείται μια σειρά από χημικές ενώσεις γνωστές ως ‘Ελεύθερες Ρίζες ‘ που τους λείπει ένα και μοναδικό ηλεκτρόνιο και το αναζητούν όπου μπορούν προκάμοντας σοβαρές βλάβες. Εάν δεν αντιμετωπιστούν άμεσα οι ελεύθερες ρίζες αναζητούν το ηλεκτρόνιο στον περιβάλλοντα χώρο των κυττάρων. Εάν όμως αυτή η διαδικασία της αναζήτησης δεν γίνει σωστά μεταβαίνουν στο χώρο του γενετικού υλικού μας δημιουργώντας σοβαρές βλάβες και αλλοιώσεις .Το οξειδωτικό stress εμπλέκεται σε πολλά νοσήματα όπως: αθηροσκλήρωση, έμφραγμα του μυοκαρδίου, εγκεφαλικό επεισόδιο, υπογονιμότητα, φλεγμονές, νόσο Parkinson, νόσο Altzheimer, νόσο Crohn, παγκρεατίτιδα, ασθένειες ήπατος, καταρράκτη, τενοντίτιδες, κυστική ίνωση, ρευματοειδή αρθροπάθεια, καθώς και οι περισσότερες μορφές καρκίνου. Stress και ελεύθερες ρίζεςΚατά τη διάρκεια των τριών τελευταίων δεκαετιών το ενδιαφέρον για τις ελεύθερες ρίζες και το λεγόμενο ‘Οξειδωτικό Stress’ έχει αναπτυχθεί εκρηκτικά τόσο στη Βιοχημεία και στη Βιολογία όσο και στις Ιατρικές Επιστήμες. Ποικίλες μελέτες καταδεικνύουν την καταστρεπτική επίδρασή τους στο ανθρώπινο σώμα, ενώ αντίστοιχα άλλες τόσες μελέτες την απαραίτητη χρησιμότητά τους.Με τον όρο ελεύθερη ρίζα καλούμε ένα άτομο ή ομάδα ατόμων (ανόργανα ή οργανικά μόρια) που φέρει ένα ή παραπάνω ασύζευκτα (unpaired) ηλεκτρόνια στην εξωτερική του στιβάδα.Οι πιο ευρέως διαδεδομένες ελεύθερες ρίζες στα βιολογικά συστήματα είναι οι ρίζες που προέρχονται από μόρια που περιέχουν οξυγόνο και έχουν μία υψηλότερη αντιδραστικότητα από την αρχική κατάσταση του μοριακού οξυγόνου (Ο2). Τα μόρια αυτά είναι ευρύτερα γνωστά ως δραστικές οξυγονούχες μορφές (ΔΟΜ)-Reactive Oxygen Species(ROS).Υπό φυσιολογικές συνθήκες, ο σχηματισμός τους στο κύτταρο βρίσκεται υπό έλεγχο από ένα αντιοξειδωτικό σύστημα άμυνας και έτσι επικρατεί ισορροπία. Σ’ αυτό περιλαμβάνονται ουσίες που ονομάζονται αντιοξειδωτικά (π.χ βιταμίνες Ε, C, καροτινοειδή, φλαβονοειδή κ.α), οι οποίες καταπολεμούν την οξείδωση δηλαδή την δράση των ελεύθερων ριζών. Η διαταραχή αυτής της ισορροπίας προκαλεί τη δημιουργία του λεγόμενου 'οξειδωτικού στρες'.Η βλαπτική επίδραση η οποία προκαλείται από το οξειδωτικό stress ονομάζεται οξειδωτική ζημιά. Το οξειδωτικό stress προκύπτει από:- Αυξημένη παραγωγή των δραστικών μορφών οξυγόνου ΔΟΜ. π.χ. σε περιπτώσεις αυξημένης συγκέντρωσης οξυγόνου, λόγω παρουσίας τοξινών - Μείωση της συγκέντρωσης των αντιοξειδωτικών. π.χ. διάφορες μεταλλάξεις στα αντιοξειδωτικά ένζυμα ή μείωση της πρόσληψης αντιοξειδωτικών από τη διατροφή. Η κατάσταση αυτή οδηγεί με τον έναν ή τον άλλον τρόπο, σε περίσσεια ελευθέρων ριζών στην οποία το κύτταρο είτε θα προσαρμοστεί είτε θα δεχτεί την βλαπτική της επίδραση. Η προσαρμογή γίνεται σε περίπτωση που έχουμε ήπια κατάσταση οξειδωτικού stress με την αύξηση της παραγωγής των αντιοξειδωτικών συστημάτων άμυνας. Ποικίλοι παράγοντες είτε ενδογενείς, είτε εξωγενείς ευνοούν την δημιουργία των ελευθέρων ριζών.Έχει βρεθεί πως και το stress συμβάλλει στη δημιουργία ελευθέρων ριζών στον οργανισμό κατά τη διάρκεια του μεταβολισμού των κατεχολαμινών. Όταν ο οργανισμός βρίσκεται σε συνεχή κατάσταση stress (χρόνιο stress), η υπόφυση υποκινεί τα επινεφρίδια, τα οποία παράγουν συνέχεια κορτιζόλη, επινεφρίνη και νορεπινεφρίνη (ορμόνες του stress). Συγκεκριμένα, ο οξειδωτικός μεταβολισμός των κατεχολαμινών παράγει τις κινόνες που αντιδρούν με το οξυγόνο, με αποτέλεσμα να παράγονται ανιόντα υπεροξειδίου (Ο2-) και ΗΟ2. Αυτές οι χημικές αντιδράσεις θέτουν μια αλυσιδωτή αντίδραση με αποτέλεσμα να προκύπτουν ακόμα περισσότερες ελεύθερες ρίζες. Επομένως, ο μεταβολισμός των κατεχολαμινών έχει καταστρεπτικές επιπτώσεις λόγω της γένεσης των ΔΟΜ και του σχηματισμού προϊόντων οξείδωσης.Τέλος, έχει βρεθεί πως το σωματικό και ψυχολογικό stress μειώνει σημαντικά την ποσότητα της βιταμίνης C, ενός αντιοξειδωτικού που λαμβάνεται μέσω της διατροφής. Αν και ακούγεται περίεργο, το 5-10% του οξυγόνου που αναπνέουμε, μετατρέπεται σε ελεύθερες ρίζες οξυγόνου, δηλ. μόρια που προσλαμβάνονται από τα κύτταρα και προκαλούν το λεγόμενο οξειδωτικό stress. Συνήθως, ο οργανισμός είναι σε θέση να καταπολεμήσει τη βλαπτική δράση των μορίων αυτών. Όμως το κάπνισμα, η υπερβολική έκθεση στον ήλιο, το stress και η μολυσμένη ατμόσφαιρα μειώνουν την ικανότητα αυτή του οργανισμού. Έτσι, τα κύτταρα καταστρέφονται από τα μόρια αυτά. Φαίνεται ότι η καλή διατροφή, ο ύπνος και η χορήγηση βιταμινών (κυρίως Α, C και Ε) αναστέλλουν τη βλαπτική δράση των ελεύθερων ριζών στον οργανισμό (αντιοξειδωτική δράση).Η μέθοδος προσδιορισμού ελευθέρων ριζών που εφαρμόζεται στη χώρα μας στο κέντρο ‘Ορθοβιοτική’, επιτρέπει την εκτίμηση και των δύο παραμέτρων του οξειδωτικού στρες:την προπρο--οξειδωτική κατάσταση (propro--oxidant statusoxidant status), δηλαδή την ποσότητα των ελεύθερων ριζών που παράγεται στον οργανισμό και την αντιοξειδωτική αντιοξειδωτική ικανότητα του οργανισμού (biological antioxidant potentialbiological potential), δηλ. την ικανότητα του οργανισμού να εξουδετερώσει τις ελεύθερες ρίζες κατά την παραγωγή τους, πριν προκληθούν βλάβες στα κύτταρα.
The Rusting Body (το σώμα που σκουριάζει)by John F. Lauerman Once, on a family trip cross-country, we stopped the station wagon outside Amarillo, Texas, to view a collection of old Cadillacs planted vertically halfway into the ground. I was amused at the time, but had no idea just how much I had in common with those aging hulks. When a car rusts, oxygen latches onto and oxidizes the iron, changing it into a material much weaker, dustier, and flakier than the original frame of the shiny vehicle we drove out of the dealer's showroom. The same thing happens to human bodies, and a large body of scientific research indicates that it is a long-term losing battle. Part of the metabolic process in all cells generates a certain number of free radicals: substances with a strong tendency to tightly bind to other molecules in ways that corrupt or destroy them. Most of these free radicals contain oxygen, a highly reactive element the body uses to make energy. Once a molecule has been oxidized, the damage steadily spreads as unpaired electrons snag and corrupt other proteins. Recent research suggests that oxidation may be the major force behind aging. Normal metabolism, the biochemical process that gives us the energy to read this article, yields waste products in the form of free radicals that threaten tissues throughout the body. But there are signs that antioxidants--substances that bind with these reactive molecules--can counteract the aging process. Despite their technical-sounding name, antioxidants are easily obtained. Fresh fruits and vegetables eaten raw or lightly steamed or boiled, grains, nuts, seeds, fish oil, and starches such as rice, potatoes, and cereal, are all good dietary sources of antioxidant vitamins, and the mineral selenium, another antioxidant, is found in shellfish, meat, poultry, egg yolks, garlic, and Brazil nuts. Although we still lack precise understanding of how antioxidants prevent disease, there is growing evidence that they may stave off numerous age-associated conditions. Cholesterol, for instance--an otherwise useful substance normally associated with the transport of fat molecules in the bloodstream--is frequently found in oxidized form in the arterial plaques that block heart vessels and cause heart attacks. Research from around the world shows that relatively higher blood levels of the antioxidant vitamins A, C, and particularly E are associated with lower rates of cardiovascular disease. Cancer also appears to be linked to oxidation. Researchers in Arizona found that the group of volunteers who received a daily 200-microgram dose of selenium for four and a half years had a cancer death rate 50 percent lower than that of the group that received a placebo. Prostate cancer, which is very common in older men, caused 63 percent fewer deaths among the selenium-takers. A later Harvard study of 33,737 men reinforced the findings on prostate cancer. Other studies suggest that antioxidants may help reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease, delay complications of diabetes, and even blunt harmful side effects of certain psychoactive medications. What's more, certain antioxidants, like vitamins C and E, appear to be relatively free of side effects themselves. If even half of what is currently claimed were true, we would seem to be in possession of an important preventive tool. Shouldn't everyone be using supplementary antioxidants, or at least boosting their intake as part of a routine diet? But with antioxidants, as with much else, more is not necessarily better. Bruce Demple, professor of toxicology at the Harvard School of Public Health, cautions that there is reason to believe the body has learned how to use its "rust," and may even require it to perform some tasks. "Some free radicals are good for you," he says. "They play a role in the immune response, and they're part of the normal surveillance system that clears out precancerous cells. They are also used in signaling systems in ways we are only beginning to understand." Nitric oxide, for example, acts as a key regulator of blood pressure, Demple explains. If antioxidants were stored in such high levels that this free radical were neutralized, many important body functions would fail. "There are all sorts of reasons to proceed with caution," he concludes. Demple's words are borne out by a few studies raising the unexpected possibility that beta carotene, a supposedly innocuous antioxidant, actually increases the rate of lung cancer in smokers. The Seattle-based Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET) was designed to see whether daily oral administration of 30 milligrams of beta carotene and 25,000 IU [international units] of vitamin A (five times the recommended daily allowance) would decrease the incidence of lung cancer in long-term heavy smokers and people exposed to asbestos in the workplace. The researchers were shocked to find 36 percent more lung cancers and 17 percent more lung-cancer deaths among those taking beta carotene and vitamin A than among those receiving a placebo. But CARET was a study of synthetic high-dose beta-carotene supplements in a population already at high risk for lung cancer, notes Walter Willett, D.P.H. '80, M.D., professor of medicine and Stare professor of epidemiology and nutrition at the school of public health. Willett suggests that differences between these supplements and the natural mix of carotenoids found in foods may have been responsible for the excess cancers. He says that smokers may want to avoid megadoses of beta carotene, but stresses that nothing in the CARET study negates the benefits of seeking out sources of natural antioxidants, preferably from fresh fruits and vegetables. (Even these measures, however, will not be sufficient to offset the enormous adverse effects of smoking.) Although Willett believes the jury is still out on antioxidants' possible impact on Alzheimer's disease and cancer, evidence is strong that vitamin E can help prevent heart disease. A pair of 1993 studies he directed showed that vitamin E supplements were associated with a decreased risk of heart disease in both men and women. "We thought that supplementing the diet with vitamin E might block the oxidation of cholesterol," he says. "We saw in our studies that 400 IU of vitamin E was giving some protection, but metabolic studies suggest that 800 is better than 400. Something around 400 or 800 IU as a daily supplement probably makes sense." Caution is always appropriate when dealing with substances that haven't been studied over the long term, and, as Willett notes, "Biology always turns out to be more complicated than we anticipate. We can't say for sure that we've eliminated all the possibilities of adverse outcomes from vitamin E, but," he points out, "you could say that about any drug on the market. Even though absolute proof is not yet at hand, I think there is a rational basis for taking vitamin E in particular for anyone at risk for heart disease--which includes almost all people over 40 in the United States. We should still keep our eyes on forthcoming studies of vitamin E, but from what we know, I think there is a much better chance that it will do good than harm." πηγή: harvardmagazine.com
Can Foods Forestall Aging? Studies at the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University in Boston suggest that consuming fruits and vegetables with a high-ORAC value may help slow the aging process in both body and brain. ORAC--short for Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity--measures the ability of foods, blood plasma, and just about any substance to subdue oxygen free radicals in the test tube. Early evidence indicates that this antioxidant activity translates to animals, protecting cells and their components from oxidative damage. Getting plenty of the foods with a high-ORAC activity, such as spinach, strawberries, and blueberries, has so far: raised the antioxidant power of human blood, prevented some loss of long-term memory and learning ability in middle-aged rats, maintained the ability of brain cells in middle-aged rats to respond to a chemical stimulus, and protected rats' tiny blood vessels—capillaries—against oxygen damage. These results have prompted Ronald L. Prior to suggest that "the ORAC measure may help define the dietary conditions needed to prevent tissue damage." Prior is coordinating this research with Guohua (Howard) Cao, James Joseph, and Barbara Shukitt-Hale at the Boston center. Science has long held that damage by oxygen free radicals is behind many of the maladies that come with aging, including cardiovascular disease and cancer. There's firm evidence that a high intake of fruits and vegetables reduces risk of cancer and that a low intake raises risk. And recent evidence suggests that diminished brain function associated with aging and disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases may be due to increased vulnerability to free radicals, says Joseph, a neuroscientist. Such evidence has spurred skyrocketing sales of antioxidant vitamin supplements in recent years. But several large trials testing individual antioxidant vitamins have had mixed results. "It may be that combinations of nutrients found in foods have greater protective effects than each nutrient taken alone," says Cao, a chemist and medical doctor. For example, foods contain more than 4,000 flavonoids. These constitute a major class of dietary antioxidants and appear to be responsible for a large part of the protective power of fruits and vegetables, Cao says. By the year 2050, nearly one-third of the U.S. population is expected to be over age 65. If further research supports these early findings, millions of aging people may be able to guard against diseases or dementia simply by adding high-ORAC foods to their diets. This could save much suffering, as well as reduce the staggering cost of treating and caring for the elderly. Cao developed the ORAC test while he was a visiting scientist at the National Institute on Aging in Baltimore, Maryland. After joining Prior's group 5 years ago, the researchers assayed commonly eaten fruits, vegetables, and fruit juices with ORAC. [See "Plant Pigments Paint a Rainbow of Antioxidants," Agricultural Research, November 1996, pp. 4-8.] "The ORAC value covers all the antioxidants in foods," says Cao. "You cannot easily measure each antioxidant separately," he adds. "But you can use the ORAC assay to identify which phytonutrients are the important antioxidants." The researchers have been testing whether antioxidants other than vitamins are absorbed into the blood and protect the cells. And the results look promising. Its in the BloodSeveral laboratories have reported that people can absorb individual flavonoids thought to have protective powers. Prior and Cao now have good evidence that food antioxidants not only are absorbed, they boost the antioxidant power of the blood. In an earlier study at the Boston center, 36 men and women ranging in age from 20 to 80 had doubled their fruit and vegetable intake. According to the participants' responses on a food frequency questionnaire, they averaged about five servings of fruits and vegetables daily during the year before the study. That intake was doubled to 10 servings of fruits and vegetables daily during the study. To estimate ORAC intakes for the participants, the two researchers matched the questionnaire and the diet data with their own antioxidant values for each fruit and vegetable. Before the study, says Prior, the participants averaged 1,670 ORAC units daily. Increasing their fruit and vegetable intake to 10 a day raised the ORAC intake to between 3,300 and 3,500 ORAC units—or about twice the previous antioxidant capacity. Based on the participants' blood samples, the antioxidants were absorbed. The ORAC value of blood plasma increased between 13 and 15 percent on the experimental diet. This supports results of a preliminary study in which Prior and Cao saw a 10- to 25-percent rise in serum ORAC after eight women ate test meals containing high-ORAC foods, red wine, or vitamin C. They tested red wine because it has a high ORAC value—higher than white wine—and has been associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease. Ten ounces of fresh spinach produced the biggest rise in the women's blood antioxidant scores—even greater than was caused by 1,250 milligrams of vitamin C. An 8-ounce serving of strawberries was less effective than vitamin C but a little more effective than 9.6 ounces of red wine. Prior says the increase in plasma ORAC can't be fully explained by increases in plasma levels of vitamin C, vitamin E, or carotenoids, so the body must be absorbing other components in these fruits and vegetables. The antioxidant capacity of the blood seems to be tightly regulated, he says. Still, "a significant increase of 15 to 20 percent is possible by increasing consumption of fruits and vegetables, particularly those high in antioxidant capacity." The ORAC values of fruits and vegetables cover such a broad range, he adds, "you can pick seven with low values and get only about 1,300 ORAC units. Or, you can eat seven with high values and reach 6,000 ORAC units or more. One cup of blueberries alone supplies 3,200 ORAC units." Based on the evidence so far, Prior and Cao suggest that daily intake be increased to between 3,000 and 5,000 ORAC units to have a significant impact on plasma and tissue antioxidant capacity. Rats High on ORAC Rat studies are yielding even more support for high-ORAC diets. The animals live only about 2 1/2 years total, so it's possible to follow the effects of high-ORAC foods on the aging process. Joseph and Shukitt-Hale have been testing extracts of strawberry and spinach, along with vitamin E, in the rodents. And some of their results wouldn't surprise Popeye. A daily dose of spinach extract prevented some loss of long-term memory and learning ability normally experienced by middle-aged rats. And spinach was the most potent in protecting different types of nerve cells in various parts of the brain against the effects of aging. The researchers started 6-month-old rats on four feeding regimens. Two groups got diets fortified with either strawberry or spinach extract, one ate the diet containing an extra 500 international units of vitamin E, while a fourth got the unfortified diet. Shukitt-Hale, a behavioral psychologist, had already put a group of rats through their paces to determine when they begin to falter in memory and motor function. She says the animals start to lose motor function around 12 months and memory at 15 months; the latter is equivalent to a 45- to 50-year-old human. When the study rats reached 15 months, she had them doing gymnastics—such as walking on rods and planks and trying to stay upright on a rotating rod—all tests of motor function. She also had these excellent swimmers paddle around a deep pool until, using visual cues, they found a submerged platform on which they could rest. With this test, she measures changes in long- and short-term memory. "None of the diets prevented motor loss," says Shukitt-Hale. The 15-month-old rats performed like middle-aged animals whether they got the extra antioxidants or not. But the spinach-fed rats had significantly better long-term memory than the animals getting the control diet or the strawberry-fortified diet. They remembered how to find the hidden platform better over time, she says, showing they retained more of their learning ability. The vitamin E-fed rats were somewhat less protected against memory loss than the spinach group. "That's significant," she notes. "It's really difficult to effect a change in behavior." Where Aging May ResideJoseph looks for age-related changes in brain cell function, focusing on an area of the brain that controls both motor and cognitive function—the neostriatum. As people and animals age, the cells become sluggish in responding to chemical stimulation, he says. For 15-month-old rats, the striatal cells have lost 40 percent of their ability to respond to such signals. Not so in the animals whose diets were fortified with spinach or strawberry extracts or vitamin E. Their striatal cells performed significantly better than those of rats on the control diet—especially the rats getting the spinach extract. That group scored twice as high as the control animals in Joseph's test. The spinach group also scored best among the fortified diets in a test of nerve cells in the cerebellum, a part of the brain that maintains balance and coordination. The test was done by Paula Bickford, a collaborating pharmacologist with the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center in Denver. Why spinach is more effective than strawberries is still a mystery. The researchers conjecture that it may be due to specific phytonutrients or a specific combination of them in the greens. While this research is still in its infancy, says Joseph, "the findings, so far, suggest that nutritional intervention with fruits and vegetables may play an important role in preventing the long-term effects of oxidative stress on brain function." Prior and Cao also have early evidence that these foods protect other tissues. Subjecting rats to pure oxygen for 2 days normally damages cells lining the tiniest blood vessels, or capillaries, causing them to become leaky. As a result, fluid accumulates in the rats' pleural cavity—the space surrounding the lungs. But that was minimized when the animals were fed blueberry extract for 6 weeks before the oxygen stress. Of all the fruits and vegetables tested with ORAC, blueberries are one of highest in antioxidant capacity. In human terms, says Prior, the animals got the equivalent of 3,000 ORAC units. "If we can show some relationship between ORAC intake and health outcome in people, I think we may reach a point where the ORAC value will become a new standard for good antioxidant protection." —By Judy McBride, Agricultural Research Service Information Staff. This research is part of Human Nutrition Requirements, Food Composition, and Intake, an ARS National Program πηγή
Top 20 τροφές πλούσιες σε αντιοξειδωτικά (σε μονάδες orac) 20. Αχλάδι (1): 222 μονάδες Orac19. Μπανάνα (1): 223 μονάδες Orac18. Ροδάκινο (1): 248 μονάδες Orac17. Μήλο (1): 301 μονάδες Orac16. Μελιτζάνα (1): 326 μονάδες Orac15. Κρεμμύδι (1): 360 μονάδες Orac14. Βρασμένο κουνουπίδι (1 φλιτζάνι): 400 μονάδες Orac13. Βρασμένα φασόλια (1 φλιτζάνι): 404 μονάδες Orac12. Ακτινίδιο (1): 458 μονάδες Orac11. Πιπεριά (1): 529 μονάδες Orac10. Αβοκάντο (1): 571 μονάδες Orac9. Ψητή πατάτα (1): 575 μονάδες Orac8. Δαμάσκηνα (1): 626 μονάδες Orac7. Χυμός από φυσικό γκρέιπφρουτ (1 ποτήρι): 1274 μονάδες Orac6. Βατόμουρα (1 φλιτζάνι): 1466 μονάδες Orac5. Παντζάρια βρασμένα ( 1 φλιτζάνι): 1782 μονάδες Orac4. Βρασμένο σπανάκι (1 φλιτζάνι): 2042 μονάδες Orac3. Πράσινο λάχανο βρασμένο (1 φλιτζάνι): 2048 μονάδες Orac2. Μύρτιλλα( φλιτζάνι): 3480 μονάδες Orac1. Μαύρο σταφύλι, σπιτικός χυμός ( 1 ποτήρι): 5216 μονάδες Orac
ORAC Value list, Top 1001 Cloves, ground 314,4462 Sumac bran 312,4003 Cinnamon, ground 267,5364 Sorghum, bran, raw 240,0005 Oregano, dried 200,1296 Turmeric, ground 159,2777 Acai berry, freeze-dried 102,7008 Sorghum, bran, black 100,8009 Sumac, grain, raw 86,80010 Cocoa powder, unsweetened 80,93311 Cumin seed 76,80012 Maqui berry, powder 75,00013 Parsley, dried 74,34914 Sorghum, bran, red 71,00015 Basil, dried 67,55316 Baking chocolate, unsweetened 49,92617 Curry powder 48,50418 Sorghum, grain, hi-tannin 45,40019 Chocolate, dutched powder 40,20020 Maqui berry, juice 40,00021 Sage 32,00422 Mustard seed, yellow 29,25723 Ginger, ground 28,81124 Pepper, black 27,61825 Thyme, fresh 27,42626 Marjoram, fresh 27,29727 Goji berries 25,30028 Rice bran, crude 24,28729 Chili powder 23,63630 Sorghum, grain, black 21,90031 Chocolate, dark 20,82332 Flax hull lignans 19,60033 Chocolate, semisweet 18,05334 Pecans 17,94035 Paprika 17,91936 Chokeberry, raw 16,06237 Tarragon, fresh 15,54238 Ginger root, raw 14,84039 Elderberries, raw 14,69740 Sorghum, grain, red 14,00041 Peppermint, fresh 13,97842 Oregano, fresh 13,97843 Walnuts 13,54144 Hazelnuts 9,64545 Cranberries, raw 9,58446 Pears, dried 9,49647 Savory, fresh 9,46548 Artichokes 9,41649 Kidney beans, red 8,45950 Pink beans 8,32051 Black beans 8,04052 Pistachio nuts 7,98353 Currants 7,96054 Pinto beans 7,77955 Plums 7,58156 Chocolate, milk chocolate 7,52857 Lentils 7,28258 Agave, dried 7,27459 Apples, dried 6,68160 Garlic powder 6,66561 Blueberries 6,55262 Prunes 6,55263 Sorghum, bran, white 6,40064 Lemon balm, leaves 5,99765 Soybeans 5,76466 Onion powder 5,73567 Blackberries 5,34768 Garlic, raw 5,34669 Cilantro leaves 5,14170 Wine, Cabernet Sauvignon 5,03471 Raspberries 4,88272 Basil, fresh 4,80573 Almonds 4,45474 Dill weed 4,39275 Cowpeas 4,34376 Apples, red delicious 4,27577 Peaches, dried 4,22278 Raisins, white 4,18879 Apples, granny smith 3,89880 Dates 3,89581 Wine, red 3,87382 Strawberries 3,57783 Peanut butter, smooth 3,43284 Currants, red 3,38785 Figs 3,38386 Cherries 3,36587 Gooseberries 3,27788 Apricots, dried 3,23489 Peanuts, all types 3,16690 Cabbage, red 3,14591 Broccoli 3,08392 Apples 3,08293 Raisins 3,03794 Pears 2,94195 Agave 2,93896 Blueberry juice 2,90697 Cardamom 2,76498 Guava 2,55099 Lettuce, red leaf 2,380100 Concord grape juice 2,377πηγή: modernsurvivalblog.com
Πρώτον, τα φρούτα έχουν συνήθως υψηλότερη αξία στην κλίμακα ORAC από τα λαχανικά, σε αναλογία 2:1. Δεύτερον, το μούρο Acai της Βραζιλίας έχει αποδειχθεί ως το Νο1 τρόφιμο στην κλίμακα ORAC. Όπως μπορείτε να δείτε από την τιμή του στην κλίμακα ORAC, είναι 3 φορές υψηλότερη από τον πλησιέστερο φρούτα (δαμάσκηνο) και 10 φορές υψηλότερη από το πλησιέστερο στην κλίμακα λαχανικό (λάχανο). Αυτό σημαίνει ότι μια μικρή ποσότητα συμπυκνωμένου acai θα βοηθήσει σε μεγάλο βαθμό στην καταπολέμηση των ελεύθερων ριζών. Τρίτον, σε γενικές γραμμές όσο πιο σκούρο το χρώμα των φρούτων ή των λαχανικών, τόσο υψηλότερη η θέση του στην κλίμακα ORAC! Τέταρτον, αυξάνοντας την κατανάλωση των υψηλής αντιοξειδωτικής αξίας φρούτα και λαχανικά (βάσει της κλίμακας ORAC) θα σας καταστεί δυνατόν να μειώσετε τον αριθμό των μερίδων που θα χρειαστείτε για να προστατευθείτε από τη βλάβη που προκαλούν οι ελεύθερες ρίζες. Παραδείγματος χάριν, εάν θελήσετε να λάβετε 3000 μονάδες ORAC , θα πρέπει να καταναλώσετε 14 μήλα έναντι λίγο πάνω από μισά φλιτζάνι βατόμουρα ή 1 φλιτζάνι φράουλες!!!