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Συνοπτική παρουσίαση από μία ελληνική σελίδα πώλησης (naturavera.gr) που βρήκα τυχαία από περιήγηση που έκανα σήμερα στο ίντερνετ:Το άλφα λιποϊκό οξύ (Alpha Lipoic Acid, ALA) έχει πολύ παραπλήσια δράση με τις βιταμίνες και είναι ένα σπουδαίο αντιοξειδωτικό. Είναι σημαντικό το ότι μπορεί να διαλυθεί τόσο σε λίπος όσο και σε νερό. Έτσι από τη μια μπορεί να αποταμιευτεί σε επαρκείς ποσότητες στο λιπώδη ιστό και από την άλλη να αποβληθεί με τα ούρα όταν η ποσότητα στο σώμα είναι περισσότερη από τη φυσιολογική. Το άλφα λιποϊκό οξύ δε χαρακτηρίζεται σαν βιταμίνη γιατί παράγεται στο σώμα μας. Με τη πάροδο της ηλικίας αυτή η παραγωγή μειώνεται, γ' αυτό και οι ειδικοί συνιστούν τη λήψη συμπληρωμάτων μετά τα 45 μας. Πλούσιες πηγές είναι το συκώτι και η μαγιά. Τι κάνει το άλφα λιποϊκό οξύ;Όπως όλα τ' αντιοξειδωτικά, το άλφα λιποϊκό οξύ προλαμβάνει το πρόωρο γήρας και προστατεύει από σοβαρές αρρώστιες, όπως έμφραγμα, εγκεφαλικό και καρκίνος, καθώς ενισχύει το ανοσοποιητικό. Επίσης βοηθάει να διατηρείται ευκολότερα το ζάχαρο του αίματός μας σε φυσιολογικά επίπεδα. Προφυλάξεις και άλλες πληροφορίες:Μην υπερβαίνετε την ημερήσια δόση. Η χρήση του άλφα λιποϊκού οξέος συνιστάται για άτομα άνω των 18 χρόνων. Αν εγκυμονείτε ή θηλάζετε, συμβουλευτείτε το γιατρό σας πριν από τη χρήση συμπληρωμάτων διατροφής. Κρατήστε το μακριά από παιδιά. Άτομα με συμπτώματα αλκοολισμού πρέπει να παίρνουν συμπληρώματα συμπλέγματος βιταμίνης Β παράλληλα με το άλφα λιποϊκό οξύ. Το άλφα λιποϊκό οξύ δε πρέπει να λαμβάνεται ταυτόχρονα με αντιδιαβητικά φάρμακα χωρίς τη συμβουλή γιατρού.
Άλφα Λιποϊκό Οξύ Το άλφα λιποϊκό οξύ κάλλιστα μπορεί να ταξινομηθεί μαζί με τις βιταμίνη C και την βιταμίνη Ε ως πρώτης γραμμής άμυνα έναντι των ελευθέρων ριζών. Δρα ως συνένζυμο στον κύκλο του Krebs και στην παραγωγή της κυτταρικής ενέργειας.Αρκετές ιδιότητες ξεχωρίζουν το άλφα λιποϊκό οξύ από τα άλλα αντιοξειδωτικά. Έχει χαρακτηριστεί ως το “καθολικό”, “ιδανικό” και “μεταβολικό” αντιοξειδωτικό. Εξουδετερώνει τις ελεύθερες ρίζες στα λιπαρά αλλά και στα υδαρή μέρη του κυττάρου, σε αντίθεση με την βιταμίνη C (η οποία είναι υδροδιαλυτή) και της βιταμίνης Ε (η οποία είναι λιποδιαλυτή). Το άλφα λιποϊκό οξύ είναι κύριο συστατικό της αφυδρογενάσης, ένα ένζυμο που μπορεί να βοηθήσει στην επιβράδυνση της φυσικής γηραντικής διαδικασίας. Το σώμα συνήθως μετατρέπει μία ποσότητα άλφα λιποϊκού οξέος σε διϋδρολιποϊκό οξύ, που φαίνεται να έχει ακόμα πιο ισχυρή αντιοξειδωτική δράση. Και οι δύο αυτές μορφές λιποϊκού οξέος εξουδετερώνουν μία ιδιαιτέρως επικίνδυνη ομάδα ριζών που αποτελούνται από οξυγόνο και άζωτο, οι οποίες παίζουν σημαντικό ρόλο στην ανάπτυξη της αθηροσκλήρωσης, ασθένεια των πνευμόνων, χρόνια φλεγμονή και νευρολογικές διαταραχές.Το άλφα λιποϊκό οξύ επίσης έχει σημαντικό ρόλο στην συνέργεια των αντιοξειδωτικών. Άμεσα ανακυκλώνει και παρατείνει την μεταβολική διάρκεια ζωής της βιταμίνης C, της γλουταθειόνης, και του συνενζύμου Q10 , και έμμεσα ανανεώνει την βιταμίνη Ε.Το άλφα λιποϊκό οξύ χρησιμοποιείται για την θεραπεία της περιφερειακής νευροπάθειας, μία συνήθης επιπλοκή του διαβήτη. Επιταχύνει την αφαίρεση της γλυκόζης από την κυκλοφορία του αίματος, εν μέρει ενισχύοντας την λειτουργία της ινσουλίνης, και μειώνει την αντίσταση στην ινσουλίνη, μία υποκείμενη αιτία για πολλές περιπτώσεις στεφανιαίας νόσου και παχυσαρκίας. Επίσης, το άλφα λιποϊκό οξύ ενισχύει την απορρόφηση των συστατικών της διατροφής, της μετατροπής τους στα κύτταρα και στους ιστούς σε χρησιμοποιούμενη μορφή, συνεργάζεται με τα υπόλοιπα αντιοξειδωτικά στα λιπώδη και υδαρή μέρη της μεμβράνης του κυττάρου. Το άλφα λιποϊκό οξύ επίσης είναι ένας άριστος αποτοξινωτής μετάλλων, ιδιαιτέρως για τον υδράργυρο και το κάδμιο, με τα οποία συνδέεται και τα εξουδετερώνει για αποβολή.Έρευνες επίσης έχουν δείξει ότι το άλφα λιποϊκό οξύ μπορεί να βοηθήσει ανθρώπους με γενετικές ατέλειες που οδηγούν σε μυοπάθειες, μειώνουν την ισχαιμία/ατυχήματα αναδιαπότισης στην καρδιά και στον εγκέφαλο, και αναστέλλουν την ενεργοποίηση του “πυρηνικού παράγοντα κάππα-β”, ένα σύμπλεγμα πρωτεϊνών που εμπλέκεται στον καρκίνο και στην εξέλιξη του AIDS.Μία μορφή του άλφα λιποϊκού οξέος είναι το R-άλφα λιποϊκό οξύ, η οποία είναι δύο φορές πιο δραστική από το άλφα λιποϊκό οξύ.από holism.gr
Alpha-Lipoic Acid (ALA)Sponsored by Dr. Weil's Vitamin Advisor.What is alpha-lipoic acid?Alpha-lipoic acid (also known as ALA) is a synthetic version of lipoic acid, a naturally occurring compound produced in the body and synthesized by both plants and animals. This antioxidant is vital to cellular energy production, and helps to neutralize the damage caused by free radicals. Free radicals are chemical byproducts produced during the process of oxidation that converts nutrients to cellular energy. As they oxidize, these compounds can become highly reactive and harmful to the cell, distorting its vital components and reducing its metabolic efficiency. While the body can naturally manufacture enough lipoic acid for metabolic functions, supplementing can allow more optimal levels to circulate in a free state.Why is it necessary?As a dietary supplement, alpha-lipoic acid works with other antioxidants to help neutralize free radicals and reduce cellular damage. It also acts as a synergist with B vitamins to help in the production of energy from the proteins, carbohydrates, and fats consumed through foods. Alpha-lipoic acid has also been studied for its benefit in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy, HIV, liver ailments such as chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, and glaucoma. It may also improve long-term memory via its protective effects on brain and nerve tissue and shows promise as a treatment for stroke and other brain disorders, which often involve damage from free radicals.What are the signs of a deficiency?Because lipoic acid works synergistically with many other nutrients, deficiency symptoms for this substance alone are difficult to characterize or diagnose. A true deficiency can mimic the general symptoms of inadequate antioxidant activity, including weakened immune function, decreased muscle mass and memory problems.How much, and what kind, does an adult need?Currently there are no established daily doses for supplementation. However, oral alpha-lipoic acid is reported to be well tolerated in doses up to 600 milligrams per day, and 200-300 mg a day is frequently used in Europe as a therapeutic adjunct in treating diabetic neuropathy. As a general antioxidant, a dosage of 20 to 50 mg daily is commonly recommended. Alpha-lipoic acid can be purchased in dosages ranging 30 mg to 100 mg tablets. Talk with your doctor about how much alpha-lipoic acid you should take, and follow package directions.How do you get enough from foods?Lipoic acid is present in both plants and animals and is an integral component of the photosynthetic process of chloroplasts. Very small quantities of lipoic acid are contained in dietary sources such as spinach.Are there any risks associated with too much?Alpha-lipoic acid is very safe at commonly recommended dosages. The Physicians Desk Reference reports no known contraindications and no reports of overdosage. However, some evidence suggests that high doses of alpha-lipoic acid may contribute to thiamine deficiency. Minor side effects may include allergic reactions such as itching or hives, headache, muscle cramps and skin rash.Are there any other special considerations?Persons undergoing chemotherapy, with diabetes or taking anti-diabetes drugs should check with their doctor before taking alpha-lipoic acid or any other supplement. Pregnant and lactating women are advised not to consume alpha-lipoic acid, due to a lack of long-term safety data.από drweil.com
Alpha-Lipoic Acid Overview:Alpha-lipoic acid is an antioxidant that is made by the body and is found in every cell, where it helps turn glucose into energy. Antioxidants attack "free radicals," waste products created when the body turns food into energy. Free radicals cause harmful chemical reactions that can damage cells in the body, making it harder for the body to fight off infections. They also damage organs and tissues.Other antioxidants work only in water (such as vitamin C) or fatty tissues (such as vitamin E), but alpha-lipoic acid is both fat- and water-soluble. That means it can work throughout the body. Antioxidants in the body are used up as they attack free radicals, but evidence suggests alpha-lipoic acid may help regenerate these other antioxidants and make them active again.In the cells of the body, alpha-lipoic acid is changed into dihydrolipoic acid. Alpha-lipoic acid is not the same as alpha linolenic acid, which is an omega-3 fatty acid that may help heart health (See also: Alpha linolenic acid.) There is confusion between alpha-lipoic acid and alpa linolenic acid because both are sometimes abbreviated ALA. Alpha-lipoic acid is also sometimes called lipoic acid.DiabetesIn several studies, alpha-lipoic acid appears to help lower blood sugar levels. Its ability to kill free radicals may help people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, who have pain, burning, itching, tingling, and numbness in arms and legs from nerve damage.Alpha-lipoic acid has been used for years to treat peripheral neuropathy in Germany. Most of the studies that have found it helps have used intravenous (IV) alpha-lipoic acid, however. It' s not clear whether taking alpha-lipoic acid by mouth will help. Most studies of oral alpha-lipoic acid have been small and poorly designed. One 2006 study did find that taking alpha-lipoic acid for diabetic neuropathy reduced symptoms compared to placebo.Taking alpha-lipoic acid may help another diabetes-related condition called autonomic neuropathy, which affects the nerves to internal organs. One study found that 73 people with cardiac autonomic neuropathy, which affects the heart, showed fewer signs of the condition when taking 800 mg of alpha-lipoic acid orally compared to placebo.Brain Function and StrokeBecause alpha-lipoic acid can pass easily into the brain, it may help protect the brain and nerve tissue. Researchers are investigating it as a potential treatment for stroke and other brain problems involving free radical damage, such as dementia. So far, there' s no evidence to say whether it works or doesn' t.OtherSome preliminary studies suggest alpha-lipoic acid may help treat glaucoma, but there is not enough evidence to say for sure whether it works. In one study on aging skin, a cream with 5% lipoic acid helped reduce fine lines from sun damage.Dietary Sources:If you are healthy, your body makes enough alpha-lipoic acid. It is also found in red meat, organ meats (such as liver), and yeast, particularly brewer's yeast.Available Forms:Alpha-lipoic acid supplements are available as capsules. Your health care provider can also give it by injection.How to Take It:Pediatric: Alpha-lipoic acid has not been studied in children, so it is not recommended for pediatric use.Adult: There aren' t any established doses for alpha-lipoic acid. You can buy it in doses of 30 - 100 mg tablets.General antioxidant support: 20 - 50 mg per dayDiabetes and diabetic neuropathy: 800 mg per day in divided dosesPrecautions:Because of the potential for side effects and interactions with medications, you should take dietary supplements only under the supervision of a health care provider.Alpha-lipoic acid hasn' t been studied in pregnant or breastfeeding women, so researchers don' t know if it' s safe.Side effects are generally rare and may include skin rash.Alpha-lipoic acid can lower blood sugar levels, so people with diabetes or low blood sugar should take alpha-lipoic acid only under the supervision of their health care provider. (See "Interactions" section.)Animal studies suggest that people who don' t get enough thiamine (vitamin B1) should not take alpha-lipoic acid. B1 deficiency is associated with long-term alcohol abuse.Possible Interactions:If you are currently being treated with any of the following medications, you should not use alpha-lipoic acid without first talking to your health care provider.Medications for diabetes -- Apha-lipoic acid can combine with these drugs to lower blood sugar levels, raising the risk of hypoglycemia or low blood sugar. Ask your health care provider before taking alpha-lipoic acid, and watch your blood sugar levels closely. Your health care provider may need to adjust your medication doses.Chemotherapy medications -- Alpha lipoic acid may interfere with some chemotherapy medications. Always ask your oncologist before taking any herb or supplement, including alpha lipoic acid.Thyroid medications, Levothyroxine -- Apha-lipoic acid may lower levels of thyroid hormone. Your health care provider should monitor blood hormone levels and thyroid function tests closely.Alternative Names:Dihydrolipoic acid; Lipoic acid; Lipolate; Thiotic acidReviewed last on: 4/3/2011Steven D. Ehrlich, NMD, Solutions Acupuncture, a private practice specializing in complementary and alternative medicine, Phoenix, AZ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.Supporting ResearchAndrone L, Gavan NA, Veresiu IA, Orasan R. In vivo effect of lipoic acid on lipid peroxidation in patients with diabetic neuropathy. In Vivo. 2000;14(2):327-330.Beitner H. Randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind study on the clinical efficacy of a cream containing 5% alpha-lipoic acid related to photoaging of facial skin. Br J Dermatol. 2003;149:841-9.Berkson BM. A conservative triple antioxidant approach to the treatment of hepatitis C. Combination of alpha lipoic acid (thioctic acid), silymarin, and selenium: three case histories. Med Klin. 1999;94 Suppl 3:84-89.Clark WM, Rinker LG, Lessov NS, Lowery SL, Cipolla MJ. Efficacy of antioxidant therapies in transient focal ischemia in mice. Stroke. 2001;32(4):1000-1004.Faust A, Burkart V, Ulrich H, et al. Effect of lipoic acid on cyclophosphamide-induced diabetes and insulitis in non-obese diabetic mice. Int J Immunopharmacol. 1994;16:61-66.Head KA. Natural therapies for ocular disorders, part two: cataracts and glaucoma. Altern Med Rev. 2001;6(2):141-166.Hruby K, Csomos G, Fuhrmann M, Thaler H. Chemotherapy of Amanita phalloides poisoning with intravenous silibinin. Hum Exp Toxicol. 1983;2(2):183-195.Lynch MA. Lipoic acid confers protection against oxidative injury in non-neuronal and neuronal tissue. Nutr Neurosci. 2001;4(6):419-438.Melhem MF, Craven PA, Derubertis FR. Effects of dietary supplementation of alpha-lipoic acid on early glomerular injury in diabetes mellitus. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2001;12:124-133.Melhem MF, Craven PA, Liachenko J, et al. Alpha-lipoic acid attenuates hyperglycemia and prevents glomerular mesangial matrix expansion in diabetes. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002;13:108-116.Monograph:Alpha-Lipoic Acid. Altern Med Rev. 1998;3(4):308-311.Nagamatsu M, Nickander KK, Schmelzer JD,et al. Lipoic acid improves nerve blood flow, reduces oxidative stress, and improves distal nerve conduction in experimental diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes Care. 1995;18:1160-1167.Packer L, Kraemer K, Rimbach G. Molecular aspects of lipoic acid in the prevention of diabetes complications. Nutrition. 2001;17(10):888-895.Packer L, Tritschler HJ, Wessel K. Neuroprotection by the metabolic antioxidant alpha-linoic acis. Free Radic Biol Med. 1997;22:359β378.Packer L, Witt EH, Tritschler HJ. Alpha-lipoic acid as a biological antioxidant. Free Rad Bio Med. 1995;19(2):227-250.Panigrahi M, Sadguna Y, Shivakumar BR, Kolluri SV, Roy S, Packer L, Ravindranath V. Alpha-Lipoic acid protects against reperfusion injury following cerebral ischemia in rats. Brain Res. 1996;717(1-2):184-188.Rakel D. Rakel Integrative Medicine, 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Inc. 2008;84.Segermann J, Hotze A, Ulrich H, et al. Effect of alpha-lipoic acid on the peripheral conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine and on serum lipid-, protein- and glucose levels. Arzneimittelforschung. 1991;41:1294-1298.Ziegler D, Ametov A, Barinov A, et al. Oral treatment with alpha-lipoic acid improves symptomatic diabetic polyneuropathy: The SYDNEY 2 trial. Diabetes Care. 2006;29:2365-70.Ziegler D, Gries FA. Alpha-lipoic acid in the treatment of diabetic peripheral and cardiac autonomic neuropathy. Diabetes. 1997;46 (suppl 2):S62-66.Ziegler D, Reljanovic M, Mehnert H, Gries FA. Alpha-lipoic acid in the treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy in Germany: current evidence from clinical trials. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 1999; 107:421-430.από umm.edu
Alpha-Lipoic Acid (ALA)Scientists discovered the importance of alpha-lipoic acid in the 1950s, and recognized it as an antioxidant in 1988. The body needs alpha-lipoic acid to produce energy. It plays a crucial role in the energy-producing structures in cells. The body actually makes enough alpha-lipoic acid for this basic function. Alpha-lipoic acid acts as an antioxidant, however, only when there is an excess of it and it is in the "free" state in the cells. There is little free alpha-lipoic acid circulating in your body, unless you consume supplements or get it injected. Alpha-lipoic acid is a versatile antioxidant—it helps deactivate an unusually wide array of cell-damaging free radicals in many bodily systems. Claims, purported benefits: Alpha-lipoic acid is said to prevent or treat many age-related diseases, from heart disease, and stroke to diabetes and Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease, as well as declines in energy, muscle strength, brain function, and immunity. Alpha-lipoic acid is also being studied for HIV disease and multiple sclerosis. Bottom line: (έκφραση επιφυλάξεων) Though evidence has been accumulating, research on alpha-lipoic acid is still in its early stages. This potent antioxidant may some day be seen as an important supplement. Not enough is known now to recommend alpha-lipoic acid. No one knows what dose should be used for what ailment. If you have diabetes, heart disease, Parkinson’s, or Alzheimer’s and decide to take it, tell your doctor. Though alpha-lipoic acid appears to be safe, the long-term effects of large doses are unknown. If alpha-lipoic acid is as powerful as it seems, there may be a danger in too much of a good thing.από wellnessletter.com